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Superfund! (and why I care)

“On the morning of 15 October 1927, a dim, autumn day, a group of men foregathered at the Rosedale cemetery in New Jersey and picked their way through the headstones to the grave of one Amelia — ‘Mollie’ — Maggia. An employee of the United States Radium Corporation (USRC), she had died five years earlier, aged 24. To the dismay of her friends and family the cause of death had been recorded as syphilis, but, as her coffin was exhumed and its lid levered open, Mollie’s corpse was seen to be aglow with a ‘soft luminescence’. Everyone present knew what that meant.” –The Radium Girls, Kate Moore

Dial painters, 1922- courtesy Argonne National Laboratory

The  Radium Girls were factory workers who from 1917 to 1926 hand-painted watch and clock dials with a glow-in-the-dark paint called Undark. The paint’s luminescence came from the radioactive silvery-white metal radium, then a recent and exciting discovery. U.S .Radium’s managers and scientists were aware of the  paint’s dangers, but did not share that knowledge with the workers, who were encouraged to lick their brushes to bring them to a sharper point when applying the paint, ingesting tiny bits of radium. Some workers also painted their fingernails, hair and even teeth to make them glow at night. Within a few years, dozens of workers began showing signs of radiation poisoning.. They developed illnesses that included anemia, bone cancer, and necrosis of the jaw, known as “radium jaw”, which is as terrible as it sounds. By 1927, more than 50 had died.

At the Orange, New Jersey plant where the women worked, the company also extracted radium from raw ore, by a process called radium crystallization. Approximately half a ton of dusty ore was processed each day, with the radioactive waste dumped both on-site and off.

A 1981 gamma-radiation survey by airplane found about 250 sites throughout Orange, West Orange, and South Orange, many of them residential, where radioactive waste had been dumped or used as construction fill. Sites in Montclair and Glen Ridge were also contaminated, earning them their own Superfund designations.

The basements and adjacent soil of houses built using contaminated fill had to be dug out and replaced, with the contaminated material shipped cross-country for burial in Utah. At the site in Orange, the top 22 feet of soil had to be removed.

U.S. Radium had two other dial-painting sites, one in Illinois and one in Connecticut, that also required remediation.

EPA findings and actions

“In 1979, EPA and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) initiated a program to identify and investigate locations within New Jersey where radium-processing activities had taken place. The former U.S .Radium Corporation processing plant was included in this program. In May 1981, EPA conducted an aerial gamma radiation survey covering approximately 12 square miles centered on the High and Alden Streets processing plant. This aerial survey located about 25 acres around the High and Alden Streets processing plant where elevated readings of gamma radiation were detected. This same survey identified areas of elevated gamma radiation in the nearby communities of Montclair, West Orange and Glen Ridge; the affected properties in these areas comprise two other Superfund sites, the Montclair/West Orange Radium site and the Glen Ridge Radium site.”  — July 2011 EPA Review Report, full text available here.

Why I care

During the early 1950s, starting at about age 12, I played often at that site, No one  knew about the  contamination, not for thirty more years. Then on June 25, 1979, the New York Times published an article titled “Radiation Found at Site of Radium Plant Dating From the 1920’s“.


New Jersey’s humble Second River (to locals, simply ‘the brook’) flows alongside the site on its way east from First Mountain to join the Passaic River and Newark Bay. Who knows how much radioactive  waste U.S Radium dumped into that little stream over the years? I played in that brook too, just a few blocks downstream, where minnows swam in the clear water.

I played in the yard between  the paint application building and the brook. Railroad tracks ran through the yard then, and there were usually one or two freight cars sitting there awaiting loading or unloading. Adjacent to the tracks were the too-grimy-to-play-on portable conveyor belts and sturdy bins of the neighboring Alden Coal Company. I enjoyed playing ‘railroad engineer’, climbing the rungs to the top of a car and twisting its parking-brake handwheel back and forth from one extreme to the other.

By then, the paint application building was occupied by Arpin Plastics, makers of the “Arpin 75 Special Repeating Water Pistol”. (I don’t know why anyone would buy a non-repeating water pistol .) They also made a Tommy gun, with greater water capacity and firepower. Weapons that didn’t pass inspection were tossed into a dumpster behind the building, from which they could be rescued and rehabilitated by anyone willing to put in a little effort.


Apparently I didn’t spend enough time at the site to develop any sort of radiation poisoning. Thanks for asking!

Recent (May, 2018) Google Earth view of the main Orange Superfund site. Per the EPA, remediation is “essentially complete” and the site is being  monitored . All that seems necessary is to add flowers and grass. Not sure what that wettish spot is.

Hand brake, Jason Stussy
Manufacturer’s ad for Undark, 1921 – courtesy Wikipedia

Self defense

++++++++++Solly Castellano

As a kid, I took boxing lessons at the Newark Athletic Club. My mother was the comptroller there, sort of a senior accountant. My boxing instructor and sparring partner was Solly Castellano, a lightweight (135 pound) former pro fighter who fought from 1925 to 1929. Solly’s professional debut was in January 1925, when he knocked out one Sandy Hook (sic) of the UK in the fourth round. Solly’s record was 44 wins, 8 losses, and 4 draws – not too shabby. He also won the New Jersey lightweight championship, in May 1928.

Solly must have been about 50 years old when he had what was to me his most memorable fight. According to the Newark News, he was standing in a store entrance on Broad Street, waiting for the bus, when two thugs decided the little guy would be easy to mug. He sent them both to the hospital.

I don’t remember much about my lessons except being taught to keep my hands up, watch my stance, and throw a punch when the opportunity arose. I had very few fights as a kid, but those lessons gave me a lot of confidence, and sometimes that’s enough.

Shortly after my family moved from East Orange to Orange and I entered my new school halfway through sixth grade, a kid named Joe Stokes approached me in the schoolyard and started what we now call “trash talking,” about my white socks and sandals, never a good look for a kid, especially a new kid. He put his hands up and so did I; as we circled around each other, a spectator said something like “He looks like he knows how to fight” and after circling some more, it all petered out and the subject was dropped without a punch being thrown. In defense of my white socks and sandals, at that time my feet were troubled by eczema, a skin condition that produces runny sores. Yecch.

Joe and I had one other run-in. During a fire drill, I was assigned to hold open one of the heavy hall doors, standing behind it so everyone could pass quickly. Coming back after the drill, Joe saw me behind the door, my back to the wall, and charged. My feet were planted, blocking the bottom of the door from moving, but the top flexed in, then bounced back into his face. As Nelson Muntz might say, “HA-ha!”. Life is good.


Another benefit of Mom’s job was my getting swimming lessons and using the club’s big pool. During the summer, I’d take the Number 20 bus down to Newark two or three afternoons a week. Some days I’d buy a bag of shelled peanuts at McCrory’s 5 and 10, then  sit by the colossal Wars of America sculpture and toss them to the pigeons and squirrels.

Detail, Wars of America by Gutzon Borglum, 1926 – courtesy nj.com

I don’t remember much about my swimming lessons except kicking my way back and forth across the pool while hanging onto a board, which I guess is how everybody starts out. The club members were politicians, judges and business executives, and the club was for men only. Add to the list of things that were normal then but seem weird now, the swimming was nude, and there would be a half-dozen or so grown men swimming at the same time as me. I’m sure Mr. Bassini, the pool manager,  towel-giver-outer, and Managing Director, kept an eye on me.

When I got tired of swimming, I’d take a ride on the club’s electric horse, which was pretty cool. Later, I’d hang around Mom’s office reading, or fiddling with the typewriter and adding machine. We’d take the bus home, maybe stopping for dinner at the Howard Johnson’s on Central Avenue. She could never talk me out of ordering my favorite, Salisbury steak.


About the Club

Military Park Hotel, originally the Newark Athletic Club, 1966. – Newark Public Library
“…the Newark Athletic Club (NAC), founded in 1919. At its peak, it boasted of 3,800 members which dwindled to less than 300 by 1938. The club’s original headquarters, later the Military Park Hotel, was demolished ]n 1993 and is the site of the New Jersey Performing Arts Center. The original idea for the club came from former Congressman E.W. Gary and former Gov. Franklin Murphy. Construction of the NAC began in 1921, and the doors opened in 1923 with Gen. George Pershing presiding at the ceremonies. According to the Newark News account, the club ‘immediately leaped to a position nationally known among organizations of its kind. Athletes bearing the NAC emblem won cups and medals in meets all over the country.’ As in the case of the Elks Club at Lincoln Park, the Newark Athletic Club boasted an elaborate sports emporium with a large swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling alley, billiard room, etc. But financial problems resulted in the club’s demise for the same reasons as its Elks Club counterpart. Thus, it, too, closed. As America and Newark began to change because of wars, depressions and general unrest, many of the city’s traditional agencies reflected the differences. New organizations, new people, and new moods were on the horizon.” — Courtesy Newark Public Library

An imperfect man

So, here’s the deal with my father. He was a union housepainter, paper hanger and sometime bartender. He was a working drunk who eventually let everyone down. He had a barfly girlfriend named Millie with whom he had a bastard child. In the polite euphemism  common among amateur genealogists seeking disappeared fathers and uncles, he “left the family”, his wife and two sons, around 1944.

His half-sister, my Aunt Frances, made room in her home for my mother and me; his sister, my Aunt Elizabeth, made room for my brother. I think they felt a familial guilt for his abandoning us. His sisters still loved him, and if they spoke of him at all, they mentioned his terrific sense of humor.

Although habitual drunkenness is said to be a genetic predisposition among the Irish, I don’t think genetics are a good excuse. I think habitual drunkenness is a character flaw, a weakness that can be overcome by power of will, or nowadays by psychiatric treatment. You’ll probably see a mix of love, anger and disappointment in what I’ve written here.

He was born in 1903 in the Hell’s Kitchen neighborhood of New York City, in a tenement two blocks behind Lincoln Center before there was a Lincoln Center. I don’t know anything about his early life, but as poor Irish, I’m sure it was not  easy.

His father’s given name was Bernard, and he lost out to my mother when he wanted to honor the Irish tradition of naming me after my grandfather. Although on paper he lost that fight, at home or away he never called me anything but Barney. His own name was George, but only his sisters called him George. All his friends, and my mother too, called him Pardo. Where that name came from or what it meant is lost to the ages.

He worked for Haas, a big painting contractor, and was a rabid union man. My Uncle Jim, Aunt Frances’s husband, had a successful one-man, one-panel-truck, non-union painting and decorating business. My father called him “Your scabby Uncle Jim”, notwithstanding that my mother and I were living under Uncle Jim’s roof when he said it.

He could be hurtful: my brother went to vocational school, which my father for no good reason called “dummy school”.

He was generous with money, and I once heard my mother say that while he was buying “drinks for the house” his family was being shortchanged. I always think of that, and say “Nothing for me, thanks” when some stranger in a bar wants to be a bigshot.

Here are a few memories from when my parents were still together:

One Sunday morning I sit on his lap helping to hold the paper while he reads aloud The Katzenjammer Kids comic page, speaking the words of Hans, Fritz, Mama and der Captain in a vaudevillian German accent. He is laughing and delightful; this is my happiest childhood memory. But my mother is not amused, she keeps trying to tone him down, I never understood why. Maybe he was still drunk from the day before?

He has a loud argument with an air raid warden who claims he can see light leaking from an upstairs window during a WW II blackout. My mother somehow settles it before the authorities need to be called.

I am playing a block away from our house one afternoon when I see my white-shirted father walking down the block to go to his part time bartending job. I chase after him, hysterical because he hasn’t said goodbye. When I catch up, it isn’t him, he hasn’t left, but I cry even harder.

I open the front door to a salesman who asks to speak to “your mommy”; I inform him that she’s in bed with my daddy. The grownups find this story very amusing, not sure why at the time.

After he left us, he would sometimes arrange with my mother to take me for a day or so:

He and one of his painter buddies made a deal with the absentee owner of a bungalow at the shore. They would paint it in exchange for a week’s free stay during the summer. I stayed with them for the few days they were painting. When the owner stopped by, she saw me helping to paint and asked if I was working hard. I repeated the expression I had heard them use many times, “Just slappin’ it on”. While we were there my father took me grocery shopping. Already a slave to radio advertising,  I begged him to buy Cheerios; he said I wouldn’t like them but I argued and nagged and insisted, and we came back with Cheerios. The next morning, he served me a bowl of Cheerios and milk and they were nasty, just plain cardboard, nothing like the honey-nut stuff you spoiled kids have today. Giving credit where credit is due, he didn’t make me eat them.

When I was about eight, we went driving in the country with his girlfriend and her two kids, a boy about six and a girl about four, me generally ignoring the three of them. We stopped at a roadside custard stand with a few chairs in front. I was still ignoring them when I heard the boy shout “Mom! Sissie’s peeing!” I look over and Sissie is standing atop a metal chair, urine running down her bare legs and pooling on the seat. I take a close look at Sissie for the first time and, even to my own young eyes, there’s something wrong with her,  she has what we recognize today as acute Down syndrome. Much later in life I realize that Sissie, who was eventually placed in New Jersey’s Vineland Training School, is my half-sister. When two drunks make a baby, it may not turn out well.

He would bring me with him to a favored workingman’s bar that had a free lunch, an elaborate spread of cold cuts and just about everything else. To drink, he favored boilermakers, which is a shot of whisky followed immediately by a glass of beer. I drank sarsaparilla, which is pretty much the same thing as root beer.

He had lots of friends and acquaintances in the bars. Once he introduced me to a friend the right side of whose face looked like a lopsided, swollen strawberry. He later explained that the friend was a mustard gas victim from WW I. Oh, I see. On the bright side, another friend would quietly salt the phone booth coin returns with nickels, then say, “Hey Barney, why don’t you go see if anybody forgot their change?”

He and some of his painter buddies shared a double room in a workingman’s hotel in downtown Newark.

My tasks  at the hotel were to go to the diner next door and pick up a takeout coffee order, or to buy cigarettes. A cigarette purchase consisted of simply putting a quarter into the machine and pulling a knob, usually the one under the Chesterfields. Each pack of cigarettes included a few pennies sealed inside the wrapper as change from the purchase. These pennies were treated as a nuisance  and tossed into a soup bowl kept on the windowsill.

When the painters go off to work in the morning, I am left to my own devices. I’m sure my mother knew very little about what went on when I stayed with my father, and she never quizzed me about whether his girlfriend was present (she usually wasn’t) or any other aspect of my visits. I was pretty much what they call today a free-range child, both at home and when visiting my father. Unsupervised children roamed the earth freely then.

I would take a handful of pennies from the bowl and spend them on games at the penny arcade a block or two away on Mulberry Street. The hotel room was on perhaps the fourth floor, directly above a green canvas awning. The awning had a swoop to it, and a penny properly dropped would shoot out into the street. I made a mistake in timing once and hit a car as it was coming by; the driver got out, looked up and cursed  me. I guess he had seen me leaning out the window.

One night the painters  put down a blanket in the next room and shoot craps. My father has to tell them to watch  the language.

At the Painters Union annual picnic (his girlfriend is there), I take it upon myself to set up pins on the outdoor skittles-bowling lane. It is fun and I am good at it. Later I help out by running cups of beer and sarsaparilla between the outdoor bar and the table. I discover I like the taste of beer and get my first buzz on.

At the lunch counter in Newark Penn Station one morning, my father passes out and ends up on the floor. There are two firemen sitting on the other side of the U-shaped counter. I go to get them but they won’t help. Maybe they knew something I didn’t?  After a while he revives on his own.

On a different day in the station, I get my arm trapped fooling around with the meshing bars of a full-height exit turnstile. A railroad mechanic sets me free.

One day we go to a tailor shop a few steps down from street level, where I am fitted for a suit. I get to pick it, and I choose a traditional style, in gray. The deal includes a hat, and  I go with a snappy Jack-Lemmon-style  businessman model. When I get home my mother likes the suit,  and says that the color is called “salt and pepper”, which to me sounds kind  of dumb. She checks the label, and says “Hmm, reprocessed wool”, which years later I learn is thought to be of inferior quality. I wear the suit next day to Sunday School, where I  get ragged on for being overdressed, but mostly I get ragged on for the hat. I never wear it  again.

Somewhere around this time he brings me to an indoor three-ring circus, maybe at Madison Square  Garden.  We are only four rows back from the action. There’s a clown with a bucking donkey, and part of his act is challenging anyone in the audience to ride the donkey. I stand up to volunteer, but my father puts the kibosh on the idea. Maybe it’s because I’m wearing my suit.

The circus sells pet “chameleons”, really  just anole lizards that they  collect during the off season in Florida. As sold, the creature has a thin chain around his neck that clips to your clothing, then he just uses his native abilities to stay stuck to your lapel or wherever you put him. My mother was not thrilled.

When I am about ten he calls my mother to invite me to a Yankees game. The trip is sponsored by the Eagles, an Elks-like social club for people of the Polish persuasion. I think most of his buddies in the painters union are Poles, e.g. his friend “Stash”, so he’s probably an honorary member. The day before the Yankees trip, he picks me up at home (probably using Stash’s car, he never owned one as far as I know) and we go to his room across the street from the Eagles lodge. There is a trundle bed for me. Millie comes by, then later his landlady.  When I am  introduced to the landlady, she says “I bet you’re happy to see your Aunt Millie.” I am both astounded and insulted, and say “SHE’S NOT MY AUNT.” Maybe I have confirmed something the landlady already suspected?

The next day the Eagles load up their chartered bus. Late arrivals make for a late start, then traffic is bad and we run into long stretches where the bus doesn’t move at all. There is beer on board, and after a while the call goes up for a bathroom break. The driver pulls over as far as he can and everyone gets out. My memory of  this is of 10 or 12 men leaning with one hand against the right side of the bus, taking a wide stance, feet well back, as they piss in concert against the bus or half-under it. To anyone who doesn’t look closely, it looks like they are trying to tip the bus over.

When we finally arrive at Yankee Stadium it’s the 7th inning.

Once we are seated, I discard any notion of catching a foul ball, for our deck is deep under an even higher deck, and we are far back from the third-base line. In fact we are more just on the third-base side of the park. We are seated in two rows, me in the second, where I observe. There is more beer, and the Eagles pass pint bottles of whisky or such back and forth. I have a hotdog, soda, Crackerjack and a souvenir program. All-in-all, it’s a dismal experience.

He phoned my mother one more time to invite me somewhere a few months after the Yankee Stadium fiasco. That day had been sort of a last straw for me and I said “No” and never saw him again until he was dead.

My brother maintained a relationship with him to some degree, occasionally running into him in Bloomfield.

One Saturday afternoon years later, I had been out of the house for several hours when my wife received a phone call from Newark City Hospital. They wanted to know what she wanted done with Mr. Smithee’s body. She hadn’t thought about my father in years, and it took a few frightened moments to establish that the deceased Mr. Smithee was not me, but my father. His body had been in the morgue for a week.

Cause of death? He got mugged, or fell down his apartment stairs, or maybe a little of each, I don’t remember. In the big picture I guess it doesn’t matter.

Over the years, my mother had kept up  a small death-benefit policy with Prudential. Our Bloomfield relatives oversaw the arrangements. It was the same funeral home Uncle Jim was buried from.

For the funeral director I set aside clean underwear and socks, a shirt and tie, and my second-best suit. It was the least I could do.

No one came to his viewing or funeral except the family.

Planet Neptune, part 5/6: A few more people

A few Insco stories that didn’t fit anywhere else

Henry
In my layman’s opinion, Henry offers a good example of what stress, competitive pressure and overwork can do to a brilliant mind. Henry was a proud member of Mensa who also played chess and bridge competitively.

He was also a talented programmer, and late one summer night he was summoned to work to solve a production problem. He arrived wearing flip-flops, a bathing suit and a bathrobe, probably what he was wearing when the phone rang.

A guard who went to check on him found him at play in the second-floor men’s room. He had filled the sinks, and was splashing in them like a child, scooping water from one to the next.

His family got him into the Carrier Clinic, a well-regarded behavioral-health hospital. Friends who visited him during what he called his “vacation” reported he was feeling fine, and in few weeks he was back at work, with a reduced workload.


Sunny
The company hired a records clerk who was flashy and sexy and wore short skirts. The men loved her, the women not so much. Someone, probably a fellow female, gave her a nickname that I won’t repeat here. It wasn’t dirty, it was just mean. Let’s call her Sunny, that’s a nice nickname.

When Sunny was hired, space was short, and she had to double up in a cubicle with my friend Fran, who formed an instant dislike. Fran tried to engage me in an anti-Sunny discussion, trying to get a rise out of me, trying to get me on her side.

Fran (to me): She’s not a lady, you know.
Me: (Silence)
Fran: You know how I know?
Me: (Silence)
Fran: She lifts her leg to fart!

As for the other women “seeming” to dislike Sunny, she once exited the ladies’ room with her skirt tucked into the back of her pantyhose and her butt showing, and none of them said a word.


Maddie
During the search for new branch-office computers, I was promoted to head up a new unit, which meant the unit and I rated our own secretary. This would be a one-person net increase in the site’s secretary count. The woman in charge of managing secretaries wanted to assign me one, a sweet girl named Maddie, but I wanted to interview more-experienced candidates from the outside world.  I did eventually hire someone from outside, and I apologize to Maddie, who was next in line for a promotion, for causing her to miss out.


Sandy
Sandy was a computer operator and a breath of fresh air. When the evening shift began at four o’clock, she’d send a message to everyone on the system, “Hi, anybody need a tape mounted or anything?” She was super helpful and pleasant, and instead of replying “OK” to  requests, she charmed us with a happy “OKEYDOKEY”.

Carl
Carl was also a computer operator. If you didn’t know him, he could be scary. Carl was a deaf mute, but not entirely deaf and not entirely mute.

Programmers brought jobs to be run to the computer room, filled out a ticket, and left the deck of punch cards on the job table. When your job finished, Carl would phone you to come and get your output. As I said, Carl could hear a little bit, and when he heard your phone pick up, he did his best to say “Your job is done.” We all knew Carl ‘s voice, so there was no mistaking the message. In addition, we could always tell when another programmer’s job was finished, by hearing that person shout into the phone, “OKAY, THANK YOU VERY MUCH!”

The big five oh

The year I turned 50, for my birthday I got a ton of crap mail from AARP and everybody else that wanted to make a nickel off my advanced age and vulnerability to illness, death and bad investments. If you’ve made it to 50, you know what I mean.

One mailing in particular ticked me off. I can’t remember the name of the cemetery, so I’ll make one up by borrowing a trope from Seinfeld, let’s call it “The Memorial Gardens of Del Boca Vista”, or DBV for short.

DBV informs me that it’s time to think about my “final arrangements”, and encourages me to select my “final resting place”. They have inside crypts, outside crypts, chapels, gardens, niches inside, niches outside, family rooms, perpetual care. You say you want a rotunda? We’ve got a rotunda! Lock in today’s prices!

Along with the glossy brochure comes a prepaid return postcard to fill out. Among the information it seeks is a multiple-choice section headed “Please check one” that looks something like:

I would like to:
[   ]   take a tour of DBV
[   ]   receive a planning guide about DBV
[   ]   have a representative visit my home and tell me more about DBV

Annoyed, I invent a 4th option, put an x in the box, and label it:
[x]   have a representative visit my home and give me one last blowjob before I die

I don’t fill in any of the personal information. I show the postcard to my wife, who worries “What if they find out it’s you?” I tell her “They won’t” and head for the mailbox. Mission accomplished.

But wait, there’s more!

A few weeks later, the phone rings. They have tracked me down, probably because I am the only male on their 50th-birthday list who lives in the same zip code as the post office the postcard was returned from.

A woman says “This is Miss so-and-so of DBV. We’re just checking to see if you’ve received our latest brochure in the mail.” There is at least one other person in the room, because I hear stifled laughter in the background. I say “Um, no, I don’t think so.”  Miss so-and-so says “Alright, thank you” and hangs up. My wife says “Who was that?” and I just say “Telemarketer.”

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